Kulik L, El-Serag HB. Epidemiology and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2019 Jan;156(2):477-491
Brown ZJ, Tsilimigras DI, Ruff SM, Mohseni A, Kamel IR, Cloyd JM, Pawlik TM. Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review. JAMA Surg. 2023 Apr 1;158(4):410-420
DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.7989
Mehta N, Bhangui P, Yao FY, Mazzaferro V, Toso C, Akamatsu N, Durand F, Ijzermans J, Polak W, Zheng S, Roberts JP, Sapisochin G, Hibi T, Kwan NM, Ghobrial M, Soin A. Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Working Group Report from the ILTS Transplant Oncology Consensus Conference. Transplantation 2020 Jun;104(6):1136-1142
DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003174
Berenguer M, Burra P, Ghobrial M, Hibi T, Metselaar H, Sapisochin G, Bhoori S, Kwan Man N, Mas V, Ohira M, Sangro B, van der Laan LJW. Posttransplant Management of Recipients Undergoing Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Working Group Report from the ILTS Transplant Oncology Consensus Conference. Transplantation 2020;104(6):1143-1149
DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003196
Claasen MPAW, Sneiders D, Rakké YS, Adam R, Bhoori S, Cillo U, Fondevila C,Reig M, Sapisochin G, Tabrizian P, Toso C. European Society of Organ Transplantation (ESOT) Consensus Report on Downstaging, Bridging and immunotherapy in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Transpl Int. 2023 Sep 14;36:11648.
DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11648
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2025 Feb;82(2):315-374.
Kodali S, Kulik L, D'Allessio A, De Martin E, Hakeem AR, Lewinska M, Lindsey S, Liu K, Maravic Z, Patel MS, Pinato D, Rammohan A, Rich N, Sanduzzi Zamparelli M, Victor DW 3rd, Vinaxia C, Brombosz EW, Villanueva A, Meyer T, Selzner N, Ghobrial RM, Rela M, Sapisochin G. The 2024 ILTS-ILCA consensus recommendations for liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2025 Feb 28.
DOI: 10.1097/LVT.0000000000000589
Berenguer M, Agarwal K, Burra P, Manns M, Samuel D. The road map toward an hepatitis C virus-free transplant population. Am J Transplant. 2018 Oct;18(10):2409-2416.
DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14976
Berenguer M, de la Rosa Rodríguez G, Domínguez-Gil B. Significant impact of new oral therapies against HCV on the waiting list for liver transplantation in Spain. J Hepatol. 2018 Oct;69(4):966-968
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.06.011
Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, Andreola S, Pulvirenti A, Bozzetti F, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 1996 Mar 14;334(11):693-9.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199603143341104
Ince V, Sahin TT, Akbulut S, Yilmaz S. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Historical evolution of transplantation criteria. World J Clin Cases. 2022 Oct 16;10(29):10413-10427
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i29.10413
Toso C, Trotter J, Wei A, Bigam DL, Shah S, Lancaster J, Grant DR, Greig PD, Shapiro AM, Kneteman NM. Total tu-mor volume predicts risk of recurrence following liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2008; 14: 1107-1115
DOI: 10.1002/lt.21484
Mazzaferro V, Llovet JM, Miceli R, Bhoori S, Schiavo M, Mariani L, Camerini T, Roayaie S, Schwartz ME, Grazi GL, Adam R, Neuhaus P, Salizzoni M, Bruix J, Forner A, De Carlis L, Cillo U, Burroughs AK, Troisi R, Rossi M, Gerunda GE, Lerut J, Belghiti J, Boin I, Gugenheim J, Rochling F, Van Hoek B, Majno P; Metroticket Investigator Study Group. Predicting survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria: a retrospective, exploratory analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2009 Jan;10(1):35-43.
DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70284-5
Yao FY, Ferrell L, Bass NM, Watson JJ, Bacchetti P, Venook A, Ascher NL, Roberts JP. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: expansion of the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival. Hepatology. 2001 Jun;33(6):1394-403.
DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2001.24563
Duvoux C, Roudot-Thoraval F, Decaens T, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a model including α-fetoprotein improves the performance of Milan criteria. Hepatology. 2012;56(6):1988-1996.
Duvoux C, Decaens T, Pessione F, et al. Prospective validation of the AFP model in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: A French multicenter experience. Hepatology. 2016 Mar;63(3):915-22.
Mazzaferro V, Sposito C, Zhou J, Pinna AD, De Carlis L, Fan J, Cescon M, Di Sandro S, Yi-Feng H, Lauterio A, Bongini M, Cucchetti A. Metroticket 2.0 Model for Analysis of Competing Risks of Death After Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2018 Jan;154(1):128-139.
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.025
Cucchetti A, Serenari M, Sposito C, Di Sandro S, Mosconi C, Vicentin I, Garanzini E, Mazzaferro V, De Carlis L, Golfieri R, Spreafico C, Vanzulli A, Buscemi V, Ravaioli M, Ercolani G, Pinna AD, Cescon M. Including mRECIST in the Metroticket 2.0 criteria improves prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma-related death after liver transplant. J Hepatol. 2020 Aug;73(2):342-348.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.018
Halazun KJ, Tabrizian P, Najjar M, Florman S, Schwartz M, Michelassi F, Samstein B, Brown RS Jr, Emond JC, Busuttil RW, Agopian VG. Is it Time to Abandon the Milan Criteria? Results of a Bicoastal US Collaboration to Redefine Hepatocellular Carcinoma Liver Transplantation Selection Policies. Ann Surg. 2018 Oct;268(4):690-699
DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002964
Halazun KJ, Rosenblatt RE, Mehta N, Lai Q, Doyle MB, Tabrizian P, et al. Dynamic α-Fetoprotein Response and Outcomes After Liver Transplant for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JAMA Surg. 2021;156(6):559-567.
DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.0954
Mazzaferro V, Citterio D, Bhoori S, et al. Liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma after tumour downstaging (XXL): a randomised, controlled, phase 2b/3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(7):947-956.
DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30224-2
Murali AR, Romero-Marrero C, Miller C, Aucejo F, Levitin A, Gill A, McLennan G, Karuppasamy K, Zein NN, Lopez R, Menon KV. Predictors of Successful Downstaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Outside Milan Criteria. Transplantation. 2016 Nov;100(11):2391-2397
DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001402
Hameed B, Mehta N, Sapisochin G, Roberts JP, Yao FY. Alpha-fetoprotein level > 1000 ng/mL as an exclusion criterion for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma meeting the Milan criteria. Liver Transpl. 2014 Aug;20(8):945-51
DOI: 10.1002/lt.23904
Mehta N, Dodge JL, Roberts JP, Hirose R, Yao FY. Alpha-Fetoprotein Decrease from > 1,000 to < 500 ng/mL in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Leads to Improved Posttransplant Outcomes. Hepatology. 2019 Mar;69(3):1193-1205.
DOI: 10.1002/hep.30413
Mehta N, Guy J, Frenette CT, Dodge JL, Osorio RW, Minteer WB, Roberts JP, Yao FY. Excellent Outcomes of Liver Transplantation Following Down-Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Within Milan Criteria: A Multicenter Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jun;16(6):955-964
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.11.037
Mehta N, Dodge JL, Grab JD, Yao FY. National experience on down-staging of hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplant: Influence of locoregional therapy modality and type of response on outcomes. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(8):1849-1858.e3.
Kornberg A, Witt U, Schernhammer M, Kornberg J, Friess H, Thrum K. Development of a novel predictive model for successful downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma prior to liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2021;27(12):1747-59.
Johnson PJ, Berhane S, Kagebayashi C, Satomura S, Teng M, Reeves HL, et al. Assessment of liver function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a new evidence-based approach—the ALBI grade. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(6):550-8.
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.57.9151
Hiraoka A, Kumada T, Tada T, Kariyama K, Tani J, Fukunishi S, et al. EZ-ALBI score: A simple model to estimate the ALBI grade in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;36(3):700-7.
Crocetti L, Bozzi E, Scalise P, Bargellini I, Lorenzoni G, Ghinolfi D, Campani D, Balzano E, De Simone P, Cioni R. Locoregional Treatments for Bridging and Downstaging HCC to Liver Transplantation. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Nov 5;13(21):5558.
DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215558
Mosenthal M, Adams W, Cotler S, Ding X, Borge M, Malamis A, Lee D, Thomas T, Jawahar A, Amin P, Molvar C. Locoregional Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma prior to Liver Transplant: Comparative Pathologic Necrosis, Radiologic Response, and Recurrence. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2024 Apr;35(4):506-514
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.12.009
Di Martino M, Ferraro D, Pisaniello D, Arenga G, Falaschi F, Terrone A, Maniscalco M, Galeota Lanza A, Esposito C, Vennarecci G. Bridging therapies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis on intention-to-treat outcomes. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2023 Apr;30(4):429-438.
DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1248
Magyar CTJ, O'Kane GM, Aceituno L, Li Z, Vogel A, Bruix J, Mazzaferro V, Sapisochin G. Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Expanding Cornerstone of Care in the Era of Immunotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2025 Feb 10;43(5):589-604.
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.24.00857
Tabrizian P, Abdelrahim M, Schwartz M. Immunotherapy and transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2024 May;80(5):822-825
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.01.011
Rezaee-Zavareh MS, Yeo YH, Wang T, Guo Z, Tabrizian P, Ward SC, Barakat F, Hassanein TI, Dave S, Ajmera V, Bhoori S, Mazzaferro V, Chascsa DMH, Liu MC, Aby ES, Lake JR, Sogbe M, Sangro B, Abdelrahim M, Esmail A, Schmiderer A, Chouik Y, Rudolph M, Sohal D, Giudicelli H, Allaire M, Akce M, Guadagno J, Tow CY, Massoumi H, De Simone P, Kang E, Gartrell RD, Martinez M, Paz-Fumagalli R, Toskich BB, Tran NH, Solino GA, Poltronieri Pacheco DM, Kalman RS, Agopian VG, Mehta N, Parikh ND, Singal AG, Yang JD. Impact of pre-transplant immune checkpoint inhibitor use on post-transplant outcomes in HCC: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2025 Jan;82(1):107-119.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.06.042
Di Maira T, Little EC, Berenguer M. Immunosuppression in liver transplant. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2020 Jun-Aug;46-47:101681.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2020.101681
Todeschini L, Cristin L, Martinino A, Mattia A, Agnes S, Giovinazzo F. The Role of mTOR Inhibitors after Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Oncol. 2023 Jun 9;30(6):5574-5592
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30060421
Geissler EK, Schnitzbauer AA, Zülke C, Lamby PE, Proneth A, Duvoux C, BurraP, Jauch KW, Rentsch M, Ganten TM, Schmidt J, Settmacher U, Heise M, Rossi G,Cillo U, Kneteman N, Adam R, van Hoek B, Bachellier P, Wolf P, Rostaing L,Bechstein WO, Rizell M, Powell J, Hidalgo E, Gugenheim J, Wolters H, BrockmannJ, Roy A, Mutzbauer I, Schlitt A, Beckebaum S, Graeb C, Nadalin S, Valente U,Turrión VS, Jamieson N, Scholz T, Colledan M, Fändrich F, Becker T, Söderdahl G,Chazouillères O, Mäkisalo H, Pageaux GP, Steininger R, Soliman T, de Jong KP,Pirenne J, Margreiter R, Pratschke J, Pinna AD, Hauss J, Schreiber S, StrasserS, Klempnauer J, Troisi RI, Bhoori S, Lerut J, Bilbao I, Klein CG, KönigsrainerA, Mirza DF, Otto G, Mazzaferro V, Neuhaus P, Schlitt HJ. Sirolimus Use in LiverTransplant Recipients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Randomized, Multicenter,Open-Label Phase 3 Trial. Transplantation. 2016 Jan;100(1):116-25.
DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000000965
Tejedor M, Selzner N, Berenguer M. Are MELD and MELDNa Still Reliable Tools to Predict Mortality on the Liver Transplant Waiting List? Transplantation. 2022 Nov 1;106(11):2122-2136
DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000004163
Norman JS, Mehta N, Kim WR, et al. “Model of Urgency for Liver Transplantation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Practical Model to Prioritize Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma on the Liver Transplant Waitlist.” Gastroenterology. 2025 Apr;168(4):784-794.
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.11.015
Liu H, Zhang W, Di M, et al. “Survival benefit associated with liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma based on tumor burden scores at listing.” Hepatol Commun. 2025 Jan 7;9(1):e0619.
DOI: 10.1097/HC9.0000000000000619
Mehta N, Heimbach J, Harnois DM, Sapisochin G, Dodge JL, Lee D, Burns JM, Sanchez W, Greig PD, Grant DR, Roberts JP, Yao FY. Validation of a Risk Estimation of Tumor Recurrence After Transplant (RETREAT) Score for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Liver Transplant. JAMA Oncol. 2017 Apr 1;3(4):493-500.
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.5116
Halazun KJ, Najjar M, Abdelmessih RM, et al. “Recurrence After Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A New MORAL to the Story.” Annals of Surgery. 2017 Dec;266(6):1144-1150.
Reddy, T.; Esmail, A.; Chang, J.C.; Ghobrial, R.M.; Abdelrahim, M. Utility of Cell-Free DNA Detection in Transplant Oncology. Cancers 2022, 14, 743
DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030743
Berenguer M, de Martin E, Hessheimer AJ, Levitsky J, Maluf DG, Mas VR, Selzner N, Hernàndez-Èvole H, Lutu A, Wahid N, Zubair H. European Society for Organ Transplantation Consensus Statement on Biomarkers in Liver Transplantation. Transpl Int. 2023 Aug 30;36:11358.
DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11358
Huang, A.; Guo, D.; Zhang, X.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, X.; Fu, X.; Wang, Y.; Yang, G.; Sun, Q.; He, Y.; et al. Publication Only Application of Circulating Tumor DNA for Prediction and Surveillance of Tumor Recurrence after Liver Transplantation: A Pilot Study. J. Clin. Oncol. 2022, 40, e16149
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.e16149
De’angelis, N.; Landi, F.; Carra, M.C.; Azoulay, D. Managements of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: A systematic review. World J. Gastroenterol. 2015, 21, 11185-11198
Lee, D.D.; Sapisochin, G.; Mehta, N.; Gorgen, A.; Musto, K.R.; Hajda, H.; Yao, F.Y.; Hodge, D.O.; Carter, R.E.; Harnois, D.M. Surveillance for HCC after Liver Transplantation: Increased monitoring may yield aggressive treatment options and improved postrecurrence survival. Transplantation 2020, 104, 2105-2112
DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003117