Expert Panel on Gastrointestinal Imaging; Bashir MR, Horowitz JM, Kamel IR, Arif-Tiwari H, Asrani SK, Chernyak V, et al. Criterios de idoneidad del ACR Enfermedad hepática crónica. J Am Coll Radiol 2020;17(5S):S70-S80.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.01.023
Duarte-Chang C, Carrillo Ramos MJ, Valladolid-León JM, Carmona-Soria I, Pérez-Martínez J, Castro-Laria L. Utilidad de la ecografía abdominal en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la hepatopatía difusa crónica. RAPD 2013;36(6):401-7.
Wong GL, Wong VW, Tan GM, Ip KI, Lai WK, Li YW, et al. Surveillance programme for hepatocellular carcinoma improves the survival of patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Liver Int 2008;28(1):79-87.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2007.01576.x
Yang B, Zhang B, Xu Y, Wang W, Shen Y, Zhang A, et al. Prospective study of early detection for primary liver cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1997;123(6):357-60.
DOI: 10.1007/BF01438313
Zapata E, Zubiaurre L, Castiella A, Salvador P, García-Bengoechea M, Esandi P, et al. Are hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programs effective at improving the therapeutic options. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2010;102(8):484-8.
DOI: 10.4321/S1130-01082010000800005
Martín Algíbez A, Castellano Tortajada G. Seguimiento ecográfico de los pacientes con hepatopatía crónica. Rev Esp Ecogr Dig 2006;8(1).
Lafortune M, Matricardi L, Denys A, Favret M, Déry R, Pomier-Layrargues G. Segment 4 (the quadrate lobe): a barometer of cirrhotic liver disease at US. Radiology 1998;206(1):157-60.
DOI: 10.1148/radiology.206.1.9423666
Harbin WP, Robert NJ, Ferrucci JT Jr. Diagnosis of cirrhosis based on regional changes in hepatic morphology: a radiological and pathological analysis. Radiology 1980;135(2):273-83.
DOI: 10.1148/radiology.135.2.7367613
Segura Grau A, Valero López I, Díaz Rodríguez N, Segura Cabral JM. Ecografía hepática: lesiones focales y enfermedades difusas. Semergen 2016;42(5):307-14.
DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2014.10.012
Macías-Rodríguez MA, Rendón-Unceta P, Ramos-Clemente-Romero MT, Troiteiro-Carrasco LM, Serrano-León MD. Prospective validation of two models for ultrasonographic diagnosis of cirrhosis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2011;103(5):232-7.
Jha P, Poder L, Wang ZJ, Westphalen AC, Yeh BM, Coakley FV. Radiologic mimics of cirrhosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010;194(4):993-9.
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.09.3409
Berzigotti A, Abraldes JG, Tandon P, Erice E, Gilabert R, García-Pagan JC, et al. Ultrasonographic evaluation of liver surface and transient elastography in clinically doubtful cirrhosis. J Hepatology 2010;52(6):846-53.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.12.031
Bercoff J, Tanter M, Fink M. Supersonic shear imaging: a new technique for soft tissue elasticity mapping. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2004;51(4):396-409.
DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2004.1295425
Cassinotto C, Lapuyade B, Mouries A, Hiriart JB, Vergniol J, Gaye D, et al. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis with impulse elastography: Comparison of Supersonic Shear Imaging with ARFI and FibroScan®. J Hepatol 2014;61(3):550-7.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.04.044
Piscaglia F, Bolondi L; Italian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (SIUMB) Study Group on Ultrasound Contrast Agents. The safety of Sonovue in abdominal applications: retrospective analysis of 23188 investigations. Ultrasound Med Biol 2006;32(9):1369-75.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.05.031
Nicolau C, Vilana R, Catalá V, Bianchi L, Gilabert R, Garcia A, et al. Importance of evaluating all vascular phases on contrast-enhanced sonography in the differentiation of benign from malignant focal liver lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006;186(1):158-67.
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.04.1009
Chami L, Lassau N, Malka D, Ducreaux M, Bidault S, Roche A, et al. Benefits of contrast-enhanced sonography for the detection of liver lesions: comparison with histologic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008;190(3):683-90.
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.07.2295
Marshall MM, Beese RC, Muiesan P, Sarma DI, O`Grady J, Sidhu PS. Assessment of portal venous system patency in the liver transplant candidate: A prospective study comparing ultrasound, microbubble-enhanced colour Doppler ultrasound, with arteriography and surgery. Clin Radiol 2002;57(5):377-83.
DOI: 10.1053/crad.2001.0839
Tarantino L, Francica G, Sordelli I, Esposito F, Giorgio A, Sorrentino P, et al. Diagnosis of benign and malignant portal vein thrombosis in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: color DopplerUS, contrast-enhanced US and fine needle biopsy. Abdominal Imaging 2006;31(5):537-44.
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-005-0150-x
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2025;82(2):315-74.
Singal AG, Llovet JM, Yarchoan M, Mehta N, Heimbach JK, Dawson LA, et al. AASLD practice guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2023;78(6):1922-65.
DOI: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000466
Elbanna KY, Kielar AZ. Computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging for hepatic lesion characterization/diagnosis. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2021;17(3):159-64.
DOI: 10.1002/cld.1089
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2018;69(1):182-236.
Surial B, Ramírez Mena A, Roumet M, Limacher A, Smit C, Leleux O, et al; Swiss HIV Cohort Study, ATHENA Observational Cohort Study, EuroSIDA, ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort. External validation of the PAGE-B score for HCC risk prediction in people living with HIV/HBV coinfection. J Hepatol 2023;78(5):947-57.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.12.029
Osho A, Rich NE, Singal AG. Role of imaging in management of hepatocellular carcinoma: surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment response. Hepatoma Res 2020:6:55.
DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2020.42
Kim DH, Choi SH, Kim SY, Kim MJ, Lee SS, Byun JH. Gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of washout in transitional and hepatobiliary phases. Radiology 2019;291(3):651-657.
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182587
Baleato-González S, Vilanova JC, Luna A, Menéndez de Llano R, Laguna-Reyes JP, Machado-Pereira DM, et al. Current and advanced applications of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in hepatobiliary disorders. Radiographics 2023;43(4):e220087.
DOI: 10.1148/rg.220087
Llovet JM, Zucman-Rossi J, Pikarsky E, Sangro B, Schwartz M, Sherman M, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2016;2:16018.
DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.18
Pocha C, Dieperink E, McMaken KA, Knott A, Thuras P, Ho SB. Surveillance for hepatocellular cancer with ultrasonography vs. computed tomography -- a randomised study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013;38(3):303-12.
DOI: 10.1111/apt.12370
Chernyak V, Fowler KJ, Kamaya A, Kielar AZ, Elsayes KM, Bashir MR, et al. Liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) version 2018: imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma in at-risk patients. Radiology 2018;289(3):816-30.
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018181494
Salinas M, Simian D, Carreño L, Cattaneo M, Urzúa A, Sauré A, et al. Colangiocarcinoma y hepatocolangiocarcinoma combinado en pacientes con cirrosis. Rev Med Chile 2022;150(11):1431-42.
DOI: 10.4067/S0034-98872022001101431
Gómez Bermejo MA, Blázquez Sánchez J. Radiología en hepatocarcinoma. Rev Cáncer 2021;35(6):269-75.
Vincenzi B, Di Maio M, Silletta M, D’Onofrio L, Spoto C, Piccirillo MC, et al. Prognostic relevance of objective response according to EASL criteria and mRECIST criteria in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with loco-regional therapies: a literature-based meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015;10(7):e0133488.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133488
Kudo M. Objective response by mRECIST is an independent prognostic factor of overall survival in systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2019;8(2):73-7.
DOI: 10.1159/000497460
Vilana R, Bianchi L, Varela M, Nicolau C, Sanchez M, Ayuso C, et al. Is microbubble-enhanced ultrasonography sufficient for assessment of response to percutaneous treatment in patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma?. Eur Radiol 2006;16(11):2454-62.
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-006-0264-8
Solbiati L, Ierace T, Tonolini M, Cova L. Guidance and monitoring of radiofrequency liver tumor ablation with contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Eur J Radiol 2004;51Suppl:S19-S23.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2004.03.035
An C, Kim DY, Choi JY, Han KH, Roh YH, Kim MJ. Noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging versus ultrasonography for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance (MIRACLE-HCC): study protocol for a prospective randomized trial. BMC Cancer 2018;18(1):915.
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4827-2
Kim HA, Kim KA, Choi JI, Lee JM, Lee CH, Kang TW, et al. Comparison of biannual ultrasonography and annual non-contrast liver magnetic resonance imaging as surveillance tools for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis (MAGNUS-HCC): a study protocol. BMC Cancer 2017;17(1):877.
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3819-y
Lambin P, Rios-Velazquez E, Leijenaar R, Carvalho S, van Stiphout RGPM, Granton P, et al. (2012). Radiomics: Extracting more information from medical images using advanced feature analysis. Eur J Cancer 2012;48(4):441-6.
Hectors SJ, Lewis S, Besa C, King MJ, Said D, Putra J, et al. MRI radiomics features predict immuno-oncological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur Radiol 2020;30(7):3759-69.
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06675-2