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Revisiones en Cáncer 00109 / http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/revcancer.00109

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Revisión

Tratamiento quirúrgico de los tumores testiculares

Esther García Rojo, Javier Romero Otero

Prepublicado: 2025-05-23

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La cirugía es la base del tratamiento del cáncer testicular. Ha evolucionado notablemente, lo que mejorado la curación y ha reducido la morbilidad. La orquiectomía radical sigue siendo el tratamiento estándar, con tasas de supervivencia superiores al 95 % en estadios iniciales. La cirugía conservadora es una opción en casos seleccionados (tumores pequeños, bilaterales o testículo único), preservando función hormonal y fertilidad. La linfadenectomía retroperitoneal es clave en tumores no seminomatosos metastásicos. Las técnicas mínimamente invasivas (laparoscopia y cirugía robótica) han reducido complicaciones sin comprometer los resultados. En enfermedad avanzada, la cirugía posquimioterapia mejora la supervivencia. La preservación de la fertilidad es un reto central. Se recomienda la criopreservación de esperma antes del tratamiento. El uso de prótesis testiculares ayuda a mejorar la imagen corporal. El seguimiento estrecho con marcadores tumorales y de imagen es esencial para detectar recurrencias. La combinación de cirugía, quimioterapia y seguimiento riguroso permite alcanzar tasas excelentes de curación.

Palabras Clave: Cáncer de testículo. Cirugía. Orquiectomía radical.

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Bibliografía
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