Adv Pract Oncol J, Brant JM, Visovsky C, Wei SH, Wickham R, Kurtin SE, et al. Clinical Trial Design and Drug Approval in Oncology: A Primer for the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology. J Adv Pract Oncol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2025 Dec 15];11(7):736–51. https://doi.org/10.6004/jadpro.2020.11.7.7
DOI: 10.6004/jadpro.2020.11.7.7
Liu S, Yuan Y. Bayesian optimal interval designs for phase I clinical trials. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat [Internet]. 2015 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Dec 15];64(3):507–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/RSSC.12089;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER
Kurzrock R, Lin C-C, Wu T-C, Hobbs BP, Roberto Carmagnani Pestana M, Hong DS. Moving Beyond 3+3: The Future of Clinical Trial Design. American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. 2021 Jun;(41):e133–44. https://doi.org/10.1200/EDBK_319783
DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_319783
Murgo AJ, Kummar S, Rubinstein L, Gutierrez M, Collins J, Kinders R, et al. DESIGNING PHASE 0 CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS. Clin Cancer Res [Internet]. 2008 Jun 15 [cited 2025 Dec 15];14(12):3675. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-4560 PMID: 18559582
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-4560
Torres-Saavedra PA, Winter KA. An Overview of Phase 2 Clinical Trial Designs. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys [Internet]. 2022 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Dec 15];112(1):22–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1700 PMID: 34363901
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1700
Korn EL, Freidlin B. Clinical Trial Designs in Oncology. Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Dec 15];296-307.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-47674-4.00018-9
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-47674-4.00018-9
Gallo P, Chuang-Stein C, Dragalin V, Gaydos B, Krams M, Pinheiro J. Adaptive designs in clinical drug development--an Executive Summary of the PhRMA Working Group. J Biopharm Stat [Internet]. 2006 May [cited 2025 Dec 15];16(3):275–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10543400600614742 PMID: 16724485
DOI: 10.1080/10543400600614742
Freidlin B, Abrams JS, Korn EL. New challenges for comparative effectiveness in oncology: choice of primary end points for randomized clinical trials. J Comp Eff Res [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2025 Dec 15];2(5):469–81. https://doi.org/10.2217/CER.13.50 PMID: 24236744
DOI: 10.2217/cer.13.50
Korn EL, Freidlin B, Abrams JS. Overall survival as the outcome for randomized clinical trials with effective subsequent therapies. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2011 Jun 10 [cited 2025 Dec 15];29(17):2439–42. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.34.6056 PMID: 21555691
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2011.34.6056
Alonso-Caballero J, Ferrer-Fores M. Resultados reportados por los pacientes (PROs). 2017 [cited 2025 Dec 15];
Cesana BM, Biganzoli EM. Phase IV Studies: Some Insights, Clarifications, and Issues. Curr Clin Pharmacol [Internet]. 2018 Apr 13 [cited 2025 Dec 15];13(1):14–20. https://doi.org/10.2174/1574884713666180412152949 PMID: 29651962
DOI: 10.2174/1574884713666180412152949
Ballman K V. Biomarker: Predictive or Prognostic? Journal of Clinical Oncology [Internet]. 2015 Nov 20 [cited 2025 Dec 15];33(33):3968–71. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.63.3651 PMID: 26392104
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2015.63.3651
Matsui S, Crowley J. Biomarker-Stratified Phase III Clinical Trials: Enhancement with a Subgroup-Focused Sequential Design. Clin Cancer Res [Internet]. 2018 Mar 1 [cited 2025 Dec 16];24(5):994–1001. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-1552 PMID: 28887317
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-1552
Nakamura Y, Watanabe J, Akazawa N, Hirata K, Kataoka K, Yokota M, et al. ctDNA-based molecular residual disease and survival in resectable colorectal cancer. Nat Med [Internet]. 2024 Nov 1 [cited 2025 Aug 13];30(11):3272–83. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41591-024-03254-6, PMID: 39284954
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03254-6
Dasari A, Morris VK, Allegra CJ, Atreya C, Benson AB, Boland P, et al. ctDNA applications and integration in colorectal cancer: an NCI Colon and Rectal–Anal Task Forces whitepaper. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-020-0392-0
DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0392-0
Antonini M, Mattar A, Pereira TM, Oliveira LL, Teixeira MD, Amorim AG, et al. Pathologic complete response and breast cancer survival post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of real-world data. Heliyon [Internet]. 2025 May 1 [cited 2025 Dec 16];11(10):e43069. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2025.E43069
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e43069
Landers M, Dorsey R, Saria S. Digital Endpoints: Definition, Benefits, and Current Barriers in Accelerating Development and Adoption. Digit Biomark [Internet]. 2021 Sep 13 [cited 2025 Dec 16];5(3):216–23. https://doi.org/10.1159/000517885 PMID: 34703976
DOI: 10.1159/000517885
Erdemli G, Murphy T, Walinsky S. Regulatory considerations for successful implementation of digital endpoints in clinical trials for drug development. npj Digital Medicine 2025 8:1 [Internet]. 2025 Mar 6 [cited 2025 Dec 16];8(1):142-. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01513-5
DOI: 10.1038/s41746-025-01513-5
Basch E, Reeve BB, Mitchell SA, Clauser SB, Minasian LM, Dueck AC, et al. Development of the National Cancer Institute’s patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events (PRO-CTCAE). J Natl Cancer Inst [Internet]. 2014 Sep 1 [cited 2025 Dec 16];106(9). https://doi.org/10.1093/JNCI/DJU244 PMID: 25265940
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju244
Pe M, Voltz-Girolt C, Bell J, Bhatnagar V, Bogaerts J, Booth C, et al. Using patient-reported outcomes and health-related quality of life data in regulatory decisions on cancer treatment: highlights from an EMA-EORTC workshop. Lancet Oncol [Internet]. 2025 Jun 1 [cited 2025 Dec 16];26(6):687–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(25)00150-0 PMID: 40245904
DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(25)00150-0
Subbiah V. The next generation of evidence-based medicine. Nature Medicine 2023 29:1 [Internet]. 2023 Jan 16 [cited 2025 Jul 30];29(1):49–58. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02160-z PMID: 36646803
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02160-z
Hyman DM, Blay J-Y, Chau I, Raje NS, Fernandez MEE, Wolf J, et al. VE-BASKET, a first-in-kind, phase II, histology-independent “basket” study of vemurafenib (VEM) in nonmelanoma solid tumors harboring BRAF V600 mutations (V600m). Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2014 May 20;32(15_suppl):2533–2533. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.32.15_SUPPL.2533
DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.2533
Abani O, Abbas A, Abbas F, Abbas M, Abbasi S, Abbass H, et al. Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. The Lancet [Internet]. 2021 May 1 [cited 2025 Dec 16];397(10285):1637–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00676-0 PMID: 33933206
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00676-0
Dickson D, Johnson J, Bergan R, Owens R, Subbiah V, Kurzrock R. The Master Observational Trial: A New Class of Master Protocol to Advance Precision Medicine. Cell [Internet]. 2020 Jan 9 [cited 2025 Jul 30];180(1):9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.009 PMID: 31951522
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.009
Ibrahim H, Liu X, Rivera SC, Moher D, Chan AW, Sydes MR, et al. Reporting guidelines for clinical trials of artificial intelligence interventions: the SPIRIT-AI and CONSORT-AI guidelines. Trials [Internet]. 2021 Dec 1 [cited 2025 Dec 16];22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S13063-020-04951-6 PMID: 33407780
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04951-6
Subbiah V, Velcheti V, Tuch BB, Ebata K, Busaidy NL, Cabanillas ME, et al. Selective RET kinase inhibition for patients with RET-altered cancers. Ann Oncol [Internet]. 2018 Aug 1 [cited 2025 Dec 17];29(8):1869–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/ANNONC/MDY137 PMID: 29912274
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy137
Drilon A, Nagasubramanian R, Blake JF, Ku N, Tuch BB, Ebata K, et al. A next-generation TRK kinase inhibitor overcomes acquired resistance to prior trk kinase inhibition in patients with TRK fusion-positive solid tumors. Cancer Discov [Internet]. 2017 Sep 1 [cited 2025 Dec 17];7(9):963–72. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-17-0507/333252/AM/A-NEXT-GENERATION-TRK-KINASE-INHIBITOR-OVERCOMES PMID: 28578312
Gouda MA, Buschhorn L, Schneeweiss A, Wahida A, Subbiah V. N-of-1 Trials in Cancer Drug Development. Cancer Discov [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Dec 16];13(6):1301. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-22-1377 PMID: 37070849
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-22-1377
Unger JM, Shulman LN, Facktor MA, Nelson H, Fleury ME. National Estimates of the Participation of Patients With Cancer in Clinical Research Studies Based on Commission on Cancer Accreditation Data. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2024 Jun 20 [cited 2025 Dec 16];42(18):2139–48. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.23.01030 PMID: 38564681
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.23.01030
Ebrahimi H, Megally S, Plotkin E, Shivakumar L, Salgia NJ, Zengin ZB, et al. Barriers to Clinical Trial Implementation Among Community Care Centers. JAMA Netw Open [Internet]. 2024 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Dec 17];7(4):e248739–e248739. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2024.8739 PMID: 38683608
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8739
Ebrahimi H, Allen J, Biru Y, Garg R, Hodgdon C, Oh WK, et al. Practical Guide to Clinical Trial Accessibility: Making Trial Participation a Standard of Care. American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book [Internet]. 2025 Jun [cited 2025 Dec 16];45(3). https://doi.org/10.1200/EDBK-25-100052
DOI: 10.1200/EDBK-25-100052
Tsimberidou AM, Kahle M, Vo HH, Baysal MA, Johnson A, Meric-Bernstam F. Molecular tumour boards — current and future considerations for precision oncology. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 2023 20:12 [Internet]. 2023 Oct 16 [cited 2025 Dec 16];20(12):843–63. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-023-00824-4 PMID: 37845306
DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00824-4